如何评价隋炀帝？十步之内必有芳草，四海之中岂无奇秀能想象吗？嘿这句话啊就是隋炀帝求贤时诏书里的原话。隋炀帝啊网上争议很大的一个皇帝。我呢先给他一个总结性的评价，隋炀帝是一个在历史里被过分贬低，而当今互联网呢又过分拔高的一个人。作为皇帝来说，他肯定是不合格的。但是说你把他说成是一个桀纣之君啊，就坏到冒烟儿的一个人啊，也不合适。那我们就把他掰开了揉碎了讲一讲，就是一件件的说他做的事情对在哪儿，哪个地方呢又做的有问题。先说运河，打高句丽这些事情该不该做？都该。首先运河它的作用不单单是沟通南北的经济，同时它还促进了文化思想上的交流。就是我们想想啊，随之前它是有一个从东晋到南北朝的一个时期的，对不对？这是一个时间不算短的分裂期，对吧？所以说它沟通的不仅仅是经济，还有思想文化。一条大动脉连通整个国家。唐朝安史之乱后，其实就是靠着这条运河续的命。东南籓镇给朝廷赋税就得依靠这条运河运输啊。进到隋亡为此河，至今千里赖通波吗？运河隋大业六年到北宋靖康二年就五百多年间啊，一直是我们这个国家的运输大动脉。所以你看运河这个点也是被网友肯定最多的地方。运河另一个作用呢哎就是打高句丽。你看运河北段那个永济区啊，它就是专门为打高句丽修的。高句丽该不该打？肯定该打。就是在东北方那个位置啊，出现一个强大的政权，就等于1把刀悬在头上就很可怕的这也是为什么隋唐几代皇帝连续不断去打他的原因。那那个位置离华北平原不远呢，你谁敢保证他哪个时间不会壮大起来，变成像之后对吧东北崛起的那些政权一样。你看看那些个后来那个位置崛起的政权，哪个是省油的灯？我们要知道啊高句丽的性质，他 is a central - ized country, people also have prefectures and governors. His organizational ability and mobilization ability are much stronger than that of the Turkic tribal alliance. We see that the Central Plains dynasties took 70 years from the first attack on Goguryeo in the 18th year of Emperor Wen of Sui to the complete destruction of Goguryeo in the first year of Emperor Gaozong of Tang. Right? This reflects from the side that this country is very resistant to being defeated. So it's okay to attack Goguryeo. You can't let it develop. But we say, you can't fight like this. You see, Emperor Wen of Sui and Emperor Taizong of Tang both attacked, but couldn't destroy it. Right? Let's wait for two years. Emperor Yang of Sui continued. He launched three expeditions to Goguryeo in three consecutive years. Let's look at the scale. Only one time, he mobilized 1 million troops. The conscription order was issued as far as Lingnan. All the troops that could be mobilized in the country were used. The number of corvée laborers conscripted was as many as three or four million, and these were all strong and able - bodied people. We wonder how many people there were in the country at that time? 50 million. If you remove half of the women and then half of the old and young, that is to say, basically every family had someone going to the front line. What was the situation at that time recorded in the historical books? It was said that the land was deserted, and even the male population was insufficient, and women had to serve corvée labor. As a result, we know that it failed. Actually, we say that after the first failure, if you stopped and didn't fight anymore, and concentrated on eliminating the rebel armies in the country. At that time, the scale of the rebel armies was not too large, and the Sui Dynasty could have recovered. But Emperor Yang of Sui didn't care. I want to regain face. Failed the second time, and then the third time. Three consecutive times. By the third time, Goguryeo also collapsed. Right? Oh my god, this is really crazy. He was willing to fight with the whole country against Goguryeo. You can see what kind of character Emperor Yang of Sui had. He was vain, ambitious, and self - important. So much so that he disregarded everything and wanted to fight Goguryeo with the entire Sui Dynasty. There was a problem with his character. Okay, let's talk about it again. He built the Eastern Capital to further eliminate the old nobles. In fact, since the Southern and Northern Dynasties, whether it was the Southern Dynasties or the Northern Dynasties, they were all weakening these powerful families. This was a trend because they posed too great a threat to imperial power. The one in the Northern Dynasties was the Wuchuan military group, that is, the Guanlong nobles, the eight pillar - states and twelve generals mentioned by Chen Yinke. From the Northern Wei, Western Wei, Northern Zhou to the Sui and Tang dynasties, they were all one big family. The Yang family was part of their interest group. You could overthrow the Yuwen family and become the leader. Is it possible for others to overthrow you? It's hard to say. Later facts also proved that it was indeed someone within the Guanlong group who overthrew their family. The Li family, one of the eight pillar - states. So since Emperor Wen of Sui, they had been weakening their power and getting rid of their influence. For consolidating imperial power, should it be done? It should be. But when dealing with meritorious officials, the methods should be right. That is, you can't kill them all. For example, people like He Ruobi and Yu Wenbi were all in their sixties. Right? If you kill them, whether you kill them or not, they don't have long to live. But if you kill all the old people, it will cause a very serious consequence, that is, there is no restraint on imperial power. It's like a car without brakes. The emperor can do whatever he wants. So in the later period, there wasn't even a single person who dared to give advice. No one around dared to tell the truth. After the failure of the attack on Goguryeo, Emperor Yang of Sui asked, what's the situation in the country now? What did Yu Wenshu say? There's nothing wrong. The rebel armies have been mostly pacified. So Yu Wenshu just didn't mention it. He said, where are there any rebel armies? Oh, those are just small bandits. Look at the people around him. Also, we look at Emperor Yang of Sui. He is very interesting. This person often issued imperial edicts last month saying that we should widely accept opinions and love the people. If the local officials are engaged in malpractice for personal gain and taking bribes, you can all secretly memorialize them. He often issued imperial edicts asking各地 to recommend talented people. He said things like 'Within ten steps, there must be fragrant grass; among the four seas, there must be extraordinary talents'. He also compared himself to a big ship. These talented people and ministers are like oars. We need them to cross the river. None of them can be missing. The original words were 'All those in office are like Gong and Gu. If we want to cross a vast river, we need them all to help'. These were all said by him. The words were really beautiful. But look at what he did next? Within a month or two after issuing such imperial edicts, you could see the emperor ordering the conscription of hundreds of thousands of corvée laborers. It wasn't for repair. It was for this or that construction. We look at the records in the Sui Shu. There are many imperial edicts of Emperor Yang of Sui in it. If you just look at these imperial edicts, you would think this emperor is really good. But often followed by a sentence 'The emperor ordered each prefecture to conscript corvée laborers'. You would find it very contradictory. Why? Because Emperor Yang of Sui was a person who wanted to gain both fame and benefits. In modern terms, he was being hypocritical. We look at what Wei Zheng said about Emperor Yang of Sui. He praised like Yao and Shun in words, but behaved like Jie and Zhou in deeds. This evaluation is still reasonable. For example, when he built the Eastern Capital Luoyang, he started by saying that just build it casually and don't exhaust the people. Then look at how Yu Wenkai built it. Yu Wenkai made the layout of Luoyang extremely magnificent. When Li Shimin saw the Luoyang Palace, he sighed and wondered why the Sui Dynasty didn't perish. At that time, Emperor Yang of Sui was very happy after seeing it. He said, 'This young man knows how to do things well'. Everyone knew his character. If I really built it as casually as he said, I would be finished. The Sui Dynasty that Emperor Yang of Sui took over was actually quite good. We can tell from Emperor Yang of Sui that he could conscript various labor forces for various construction projects. If there were problems with the country's operation mechanism, you couldn't conscript millions of people at once. The Sui Dynasty's system at that time was relatively complete, the Three - Province and Six - Ministry system, right? Established by Emperor Wen. A complete court operation mechanism was in place. Second, there was money. His father left him enough money. Otherwise, think about it. Building Luoyang, digging the canal, and fighting wars. Which one doesn't require money? That is to say, his father left him a good foundation, but finally, he made it like this. So how should we evaluate him? His ideas were okay, and he had some abilities too. But he shouldn't be given too high an evaluation. There were big problems with his way of doing things and his character. Generally speaking, he wasn't a good emperor.
**《全面解析隋炀帝的功过得失》**

隋炀帝杨广，在中国历史上可谓是一位极具争议的人物。他在位期间，做了不少影响深远的大事。

先说运河，这一举措意义重大。它不仅连通了南北经济，促进物资交流，更成为文化思想交融的桥梁。从东晋到南北朝的分裂后，运河重新凝聚了国家。唐朝安史之乱后，靠着运河，朝廷得以续命，东南赋税依靠它运输长达五百多年。

再看打高句丽，这事儿也有其必要性。东北出现强大政权，对中原构成威胁，隋唐几代皇帝持续攻打。但隋炀帝的打法有问题，连续三年三征，动用大量兵力民夫，导致国内土地荒芜、男丁不足，妇女都服徭役，最终失败。

营建东都洛阳，旨在削弱旧贵族，巩固皇权，这一方向没错。可他杀功臣的方式不对，导致皇权无制约，后期无人敢谏言。

隋炀帝还常下诏书求贤、表示爱护百姓，言辞漂亮。但诏书一下，很快就征调民夫，言行不一。魏征评价他口颂尧舜之言，身为桀纣之行，确有道理。

总之，隋炀帝有想法有能力，但做事方式和性格缺陷大，总体不是好皇帝。我们应全面看待他的功过得失，从中汲取经验教训。
隋炀帝,运河,高句丽,营建东都,评价,诏书,性格,三省六部制,皇权,失败