靖康之耻：宋金恩怨与南宋初期局势
金国灭亡时宋人为何不顾北患对其下死手？只因靖康之耻仇太大
几人撤退之时，一共分七个批次运送战俘，仅仅第一次运送就抓了3400名美女送往金国。他们于3月27日从青城国相站启程，一个月后到达燕山，这一个月的路程，他们仿佛走了一辈子那么久，一路之上的凌辱、折磨，甚至死亡的威胁都成了家常便饭。3400人，活着到达燕山的只有1900人，这1900人中，只有少量的幸运儿成为了金国王公大臣们的小妾，更多的人进入到了洗衣院工作。这是一个挂羊头卖狗肉的肮脏之地，其中就包括了赵构的生母韦太后。那么为什么金人要这么没有底线的去对付曾经的盟友呢？仅仅是因为宋人言而无信吗？再或者就是单纯为了欲望吗？其实都不是。女贞人相较于宋人来说，他们是一个数量非常少的族群，他们想奴役或者统治宋朝的领土，就必须让宋人恐惧，让宋在他们金面前永远抬不起头，你想想，连皇帝皇后都成了这样，其他人呢？靖康之变后，那些不听金人话的宋朝大臣，要么被枭首，要么被带回金国折磨。北宋的两个皇帝宋徽宗和宋钦宗，在金太祖完颜阿骨达的庙前进行了所谓的千阳礼。皇帝跟皇后一共四人，要穿着金人百姓的衣服，其他的妃子和大臣则要裸露上身，像动物一样被人牵着，以这样的姿势从金太祖完颜阿骨达的庙前爬过。千阳礼之后呢，要进行所谓的次预，就是徽钦二宗的皇后要在今人面前一丝不挂地展示自己。如此的屈辱，放在一个皇后身上，实在是让人难以想象。南宋之后的长后图也只不过是以其人之道还治其人之身。清宗的皇后朱氏呢，也因为不堪其辱，用尽了一个女人能够尝试所有的办法来自尽上吊头水皇后尚且如此，其他的嫔妃、公主、王公夫人所受的屈辱就更加不可想象了。这也是为什么北宋以后的儒家特别强调女子劫列的问题，大量的嫔妃纵使了，女性到金国为奴为昌这个耻辱呢，让儒家之人在行为之上，更加保守思想之上，进一步禁锢程朱理学的发展，影响了整个历史的进程。明清之时满大街的贞节牌坊，归根结底也是因为此事。朱熹甚至说出了圣贤千言万语，只是教人明天理灭人欲的理念。这也是为什么我开头说靖康之耻影响的不是北宋，而是整个华夏历史原因，如此的屈辱常人都无法忍受，但是我们两宋篇的主人公之一宋高宗赵构却忍了常人所不能忍。金兵抓走了赵构几乎所有的亲人，赵构却始终在犹豫要不要跟金人全面开战。人性是复杂的，你要说赵构从刚继位就没有想一战的想法也是不可能的。为了鼓舞士气，赵构甚至还喊出了号召军马镇江秦都六师以援京城及河北、河东诸路，与之决战，归宅故都，迎还二圣，以称朕夙夜忧勤之意。只不过随着李刚的离开，所有人对赵构的嘴脸看得愈发清楚，当时甚至有大学生直接上书力骂赵构是贪图女色、不思进取的君王。说句公道话，你骂的这一点啊，还真的有点冤枉完颜小九妹了。赵构他就是想贪图这个，也没有能力啊，人家就是单纯的怕而已。在天下人的谩骂之中，赵构再次啓和失败，金军第三次南下，兵锋直指赵构所在的扬州，这个时候的宋军能否抵挡得住金国的铁骑呢？答案是显而易见的。就像亚里士多德当年说的，信心是所有价值的基础，没有信心就没有价值。你仔细翻看历史就会发现，敌人的强大往往是来自于内心的恐惧，打靖康年间开始，宋军除了守城战，几乎没有一场像样的胜利，从士兵到皇帝，所有人都认为女真人是不可战胜的，你带着这种心思去打仗，他能打赢吗？面对这种恐惧，最好的解决办法就是能有那么一个人站出来告诉大家，别怕我跟大家一起扛。就像第一次东京保卫战时的李刚，土木之变后的于谦，如果这个人是皇帝，那就更加完美了，可惜赵构呢，并不是这样有勇气的人，皇帝这个领头羊都贪，贪生怕死，勇气又从何而来？当时的定国军宣传使韩世忠，是为数不多敢于直面金军的将军。金人的骑兵厉害，韩世忠就避其锋芒，趁着夜色奇袭金人的营寨。只可惜其他的兵马呢都被金人吓破了胆，要么是不敢来，要么就提前遁走，孤军奋战的韩世忠自然还是失败了。另一边的刘光世在天水迎战金兵，可是这宋军的兵马还未跟金人交手，就已经自行溃败了，缺乏信心和勇气的宋兵在东西两线都是大溃败，遇到金人可以说是一触即溃。到了建言三年二月初二，金兵攻陷楚州，兵马直奔赵构所在的扬州而来。听闻此信的赵构连碰头会都顾不上开，就带着几个亲信连夜向南逃窜了。最后他跑到哪儿了呢？平江府，也就是今年的苏州，这一路逃跑好几天的时间内，赵构连甲胄都不敢脱。要不说咱赵构跑酷的技术啊，那绝对是皇帝里的number one。得高宗这个时候实在是屈才了，应该叫跑跑卡丁宗。说句心里话，金人太想抓住赵构了，他们想断了宋朝皇室这唯一的独苗。如果能达到这个目标，大宋全境早晚都得性完颜，只不过金人的铁骑呢在平原作战很猛，但是到了南方是河流多，丘陵多，骑兵的战力呢就会大打折扣。看到近在咫尺的赵构，金人也只能望江兴叹。抓不住赵构呢，金人就只能拿扬州城内的百姓撒气。金人所过之处是一片狼藉，山东等金人路过的土地也都被其占领，这就导致了宋廷的战线进一步南移。赵构此时已身在杭州，相对来说呢算是比较安全了。金人缺乏水面作战的经验，想要渡江来抓赵构呢，就必须打造一支强大的水军。但是相对于当惯了旱鸭子的金兵来说，这并不是一件容易的事，他们需要时间。赵构呢，也瞅准了这个时机，再次跟金人乞和。外患刚刚平息，一场更加危险的动乱即将开启，这就是影响了整个南宋历史走向的苗瑠兵变。这件事的起因也很有趣，赵构这个人啊一辈子都不太信任武将，但是有一个人却是例外的，这个人是谁呢？就是王渊。这王渊呢几乎是以火箭般的速度提升到了枢密使的地位。大家都知道啊，有宋以来武将就不被信任，能当枢密使的武将在宋朝你掰着指头都能数得清。这个 is why so heavy? This person is definitely not clean and is not a good person. But there are two points that the boss really values. The first is absolute loyalty to赵构.赵构 took him with him all the way when he fled, and he also protected赵构 wholeheartedly. The second is that although he is greedy for money, he does not hoard wealth. The money he embezzled was either used to curry favor with the eunuchs around赵构 or given to the people around him. There was no surplus wealth in his family when he died. He was generous and loyal. You think the boss can't like him? But it was precisely this favor from the boss that caused dissatisfaction among two people. These two people were both promoted by Wang Yuan before, Miao Pu and Liu Zhengyan. One of them was jealous of Wang Yuan's rapid promotion, and the other was jealous of the emperor's赏赐 to Wang Yuan. Both of them thought that Wang Yuan had no real ability, lost battles every day, and only rose to power by bribing eunuchs. These two people, on March 36, 11229, what could they do? They ambushed and killed Wang Wang, and then executed a group of eunuchs. After doing these two things, they directly forced the emperor to abdicate. Miao Liu at that time had the Meng太后, who was the queen of Emperor Zhe宗 later. She was in power at that time. So in the matter of abolishing the emperor, the Meng太后 had the right to speak. Who did Miao Liu want to make the emperor? Zhao Fu, the two-year-old son of赵构. You can tell what they're up to at a glance. A two-year-old child can't do anything. They just wanted to control the situation behind the scenes. This person, although she seems weak, is very firm on major issues. Now the country is in a precarious situation. Making a two-year-old child the emperor is like giving the country to the Jin people. No matter how bad赵构 is, he's better than this two-year-old child. Anyway, the Meng太后 just refused to cooperate. By this time, Miao Liu had lost patience and was about to attack the Meng太后.赵构 had no choice but to accept abdication. Although their goal was achieved, Miao Liu were not good at handling court affairs. After the mutiny, they were manipulated by the prime minister Zhu Shengfei. He played them off against each other and很好地protected赵构's personal safety. At the same time, Zhang Jun, Liu Guangshi, Han Shizhong and others, after learning about the mutiny, were准备 to讨伐 Miao Liu and rescue the emperor. In today's terms, how can we describe them? Very stupid and naive. When Miao Liu learned that Han Shizhong and others were going to讨伐 them, they planned to扣押 Han Shizhong's wife and children to blackmail Han Shizhong. Zhu Shengfei then told the two of them, if you扣押 Han Shizhong's wife and children, won't Han Shizhong fight you to the death? Now, you'd better let them go and let them appease Han Shizhong. Once Han Shizhong sees how magnanimous you two generals are, won't he be grateful to you? Just like this, Han Shizhong's wife and children successfully escaped. Without any concerns, Han Shizhong and others联合起来发布了 a call to arms, calling on all the troops in the country to come to the emperor's rescue. When Miao Liu heard this, they were panicked, like ants on a hot pan. Zhu Shengfei came up with another idea at this time. They're讨伐 you because you abolished the emperor. If you reinstate赵构, won't that solve the problem? These two people stupidly listened to Zhu Shengfei's suggestion. They also knew that赵构 would definitely take revenge on them afterwards, so they forced赵构 to give each of them a免死金牌.赵构 said, fine, if you want the免死金牌, I'll give it to you. But there was a note on these two免死金牌saying that those who commit high treason are not protected. The two of them didn't understand what this meant and happily took the牌子, naively thinking that they were safe. As we all know, in the end, Han Shizhong and others entered the city, and the mutiny of Miao Liu failed. Miao Liu and the leading generals were all executed. The mutiny was平息, but赵构's terrified heart remained in a constant state of unease.
### 靖康之耻背景下的宋金局势分析
靖康之耻给宋朝带来了巨大伤痛，金人对宋人的残酷行径令人发指。汴梁城物价飞涨，一只死耗子都价值不菲，百姓生活在地狱般的环境。金兵撤退时，大量美女被掳，她们遭受了非人的折磨。宋徽宗和宋钦宗在金太祖庙前受尽屈辱，皇后也被要求裸露身体展示，这一系列事件严重冲击了宋朝的尊严。
南宋初期，赵构面临着复杂的局势。金兵多次南下，宋军因恐惧而缺乏信心和勇气，屡战屡败。韩世忠等少数将领虽有勇气，但因孤立无援而失败。赵构在战争中表现出犹豫和退缩，引发了民众的不满。
苗刘兵变更是给局势带来了动荡。王渊因受赵构宠信而遭人嫉妒，苗刘二人发动兵变，试图废帝。他们的行为导致朝堂混乱，但最终被韩世忠等人平定。
### 应对策略与建议
1. **增强信心**：宋军需克服对金人的恐惧，树立信心。将领应发挥带头作用，鼓舞士气，制定合理的战略战术。
2. **稳定朝堂**：统治者要避免宠信个别官员引发内部矛盾，加强对朝堂的管理和平衡，确保政治稳定。
3. **提升军事能力**：加强军队训练，提高士兵素质，改善装备，提升整体战斗力。
### 历史教训启示
靖康之耻和南宋初期的局势给我们留下了深刻教训。国家应保持强大的军事力量和民族自信；内部要团结稳定，避免因权力斗争而削弱自身实力。只有这样，才能在面对外部威胁时立于不败之地，维护国家的尊严和人民的利益。
靖康之耻,宋金关系,苗刘兵变,南宋历史,赵构
几人撤退之时，一共分七个批次运送战俘，仅仅第一次运送就抓了3400名美女送往金国。他们于3月27日从青城国相站启程，一个月后到达燕山，这一个月的路程，他们仿佛走了一辈子那么久，一路之上的凌辱、折磨，甚至死亡的威胁都成了家常便饭。3400人，活着到达燕山的只有1900人，这1900人中，只有少量的幸运儿成为了金国王公大臣们的小妾，更多的人进入到了洗衣院工作。这是一个挂羊头卖狗肉的肮脏之地，其中就包括了赵构的生母韦太后。那么为什么金人要这么没有底线的去对付曾经的盟友呢？仅仅是因为宋人言而无信吗？再或者就是单纯为了欲望吗？其实都不是。女贞人相较于宋人来说，他们是一个数量非常少的族群，他们想奴役或者统治宋朝的领土，就必须让宋人恐惧，让宋在他们金面前永远抬不起头，你想想，连皇帝皇后都成了这样，其他人呢？靖康之变后，那些不听金人话的宋朝大臣，要么被枭首，要么被带回金国折磨。北宋的两个皇帝宋徽宗和宋钦宗，在金太祖完颜阿骨达的庙前进行了所谓的千阳礼。皇帝跟皇后一共四人，要穿着金人百姓的衣服，其他的妃子和大臣则要裸露上身，像动物一样被人牵着，以这样的姿势从金太祖完颜阿骨达的庙前爬过。千阳礼之后呢，要进行所谓的次预，就是徽钦二宗的皇后要在今人面前一丝不挂地展示自己。如此的屈辱，放在一个皇后身上，实在是让人难以想象。南宋之后的长后图也只不过是以其人之道还治其人之身。清宗的皇后朱氏呢，也因为不堪其辱，用尽了一个女人能够尝试所有的办法来自尽上吊头水皇后尚且如此，其他的嫔妃、公主、王公夫人所受的屈辱就更加不可想象了。这也是为什么北宋以后的儒家特别强调女子劫列的问题，大量的嫔妃纵使了，女性到金国为奴为昌这个耻辱呢，让儒家之人在行为之上，更加保守思想之上，进一步禁锢程朱理学的发展，影响了整个历史的进程。明清之时满大街的贞节牌坊，归根结底也是因为此事。朱熹甚至说出了圣贤千言万语，只是教人明天理灭人欲的理念。这也是为什么我开头说靖康之耻影响的不是北宋，而是整个华夏历史原因，如此的屈辱常人都无法忍受，但是我们两宋篇的主人公之一宋高宗赵构却忍了常人所不能忍。金兵抓走了赵构几乎所有的亲人，赵构却始终在犹豫要不要跟金人全面开战。人性是复杂的，你要说赵构从刚继位就没有想一战的想法也是不可能的。为了鼓舞士气，赵构甚至还喊出了号召军马镇江秦都六师以援京城及河北、河东诸路，与之决战，归宅故都，迎还二圣，以称朕夙夜忧勤之意。只不过随着李刚的离开，所有人对赵构的嘴脸看得愈发清楚，当时甚至有大学生直接上书力骂赵构是贪图女色、不思进取的君王。说句公道话，你骂的这一点啊，还真的有点冤枉完颜小九妹了。赵构他就是想贪图这个，也没有能力啊，人家就是单纯的怕而已。在天下人的谩骂之中，赵构再次啓和失败，金军第三次南下，兵锋直指赵构所在的扬州，这个时候的宋军能否抵挡得住金国的铁骑呢？答案是显而易见的。就像亚里士多德当年说的，信心是所有价值的基础，没有信心就没有价值。你仔细翻看历史就会发现，敌人的强大往往是来自于内心的恐惧，打靖康年间开始，宋军除了守城战，几乎没有一场像样的胜利，从士兵到皇帝，所有人都认为女真人是不可战胜的，你带着这种心思去打仗，他能打赢吗？面对这种恐惧，最好的解决办法就是能有那么一个人站出来告诉大家，别怕我跟大家一起扛。就像第一次东京保卫战时的李刚，土木之变后的于谦，如果这个人是皇帝，那就更加完美了，可惜赵构呢，并不是这样有勇气的人，皇帝这个领头羊都贪，贪生怕死，勇气又从何而来？当时的定国军宣传使韩世忠，是为数不多敢于直面金军的将军。金人的骑兵厉害，韩世忠就避其锋芒，趁着夜色奇袭金人的营寨。只可惜其他的兵马呢都被金人吓破了胆，要么是不敢来，要么就提前遁走，孤军奋战的韩世忠自然还是失败了。另一边的刘光世在天水迎战金兵，可是这宋军的兵马还未跟金人交手，就已经自行溃败了，缺乏信心和勇气的宋兵在东西两线都是大溃败，遇到金人可以说是一触即溃。到了建言三年二月初二，金兵攻陷楚州，兵马直奔赵构所在的扬州而来。听闻此信的赵构连碰头会都顾不上开，就带着几个亲信连夜向南逃窜了。最后他跑到哪儿了呢？平江府，也就是今年的苏州，这一路逃跑好几天的时间内，赵构连甲胄都不敢脱。要不说咱赵构跑酷的技术啊，那绝对是皇帝里的number one。得高宗这个时候实在是屈才了，应该叫跑跑卡丁宗。说句心里话，金人太想抓住赵构了，他们想断了宋朝皇室这唯一的独苗。如果能达到这个目标，大宋全境早晚都得性完颜，只不过金人的铁骑呢在平原作战很猛，但是到了南方是河流多，丘陵多，骑兵的战力呢就会大打折扣。看到近在咫尺的赵构，金人也只能望江兴叹。抓不住赵构呢，金人就只能拿扬州城内的百姓撒气。金人所过之处是一片狼藉，山东等金人路过的土地也都被其占领，这就导致了宋廷的战线进一步南移。赵构此时已身在杭州，相对来说呢算是比较安全了。金人缺乏水面作战的经验，想要渡江来抓赵构呢，就必须打造一支强大的水军。但是相对于当惯了旱鸭子的金兵来说，这并不是一件容易的事，他们需要时间。赵构呢，也瞅准了这个时机，再次跟金人乞和。外患刚刚平息，一场更加危险的动乱即将开启，这就是影响了整个南宋历史走向的苗瑠兵变。这件事的起因也很有趣，赵构这个人啊一辈子都不太信任武将，但是有一个人却是例外的，这个人是谁呢？就是王渊。这王渊呢几乎是以火箭般的速度提升到了枢密使的地位。大家都知道啊，有宋以来武将就不被信任，能当枢密使的武将在宋朝你掰着指头都能数得清。这个 is why so heavy? This person is definitely not clean and is not a good person. But there are two points that the boss really values. The first is absolute loyalty to赵构.赵构 took him with him all the way when he fled, and he also protected赵构 wholeheartedly. The second is that although he is greedy for money, he does not hoard wealth. The money he embezzled was either used to curry favor with the eunuchs around赵构 or given to the people around him. There was no surplus wealth in his family when he died. He was generous and loyal. You think the boss can't like him? But it was precisely this favor from the boss that caused dissatisfaction among two people. These two people were both promoted by Wang Yuan before, Miao Pu and Liu Zhengyan. One of them was jealous of Wang Yuan's rapid promotion, and the other was jealous of the emperor's赏赐 to Wang Yuan. Both of them thought that Wang Yuan had no real ability, lost battles every day, and only rose to power by bribing eunuchs. These two people, on March 36, 11229, what could they do? They ambushed and killed Wang Wang, and then executed a group of eunuchs. After doing these two things, they directly forced the emperor to abdicate. Miao Liu at that time had the Meng太后, who was the queen of Emperor Zhe宗 later. She was in power at that time. So in the matter of abolishing the emperor, the Meng太后 had the right to speak. Who did Miao Liu want to make the emperor? Zhao Fu, the two-year-old son of赵构. You can tell what they're up to at a glance. A two-year-old child can't do anything. They just wanted to control the situation behind the scenes. This person, although she seems weak, is very firm on major issues. Now the country is in a precarious situation. Making a two-year-old child the emperor is like giving the country to the Jin people. No matter how bad赵构 is, he's better than this two-year-old child. Anyway, the Meng太后 just refused to cooperate. By this time, Miao Liu had lost patience and was about to attack the Meng太后.赵构 had no choice but to accept abdication. Although their goal was achieved, Miao Liu were not good at handling court affairs. After the mutiny, they were manipulated by the prime minister Zhu Shengfei. He played them off against each other and很好地protected赵构's personal safety. At the same time, Zhang Jun, Liu Guangshi, Han Shizhong and others, after learning about the mutiny, were准备 to讨伐 Miao Liu and rescue the emperor. In today's terms, how can we describe them? Very stupid and naive. When Miao Liu learned that Han Shizhong and others were going to讨伐 them, they planned to扣押 Han Shizhong's wife and children to blackmail Han Shizhong. Zhu Shengfei then told the two of them, if you扣押 Han Shizhong's wife and children, won't Han Shizhong fight you to the death? Now, you'd better let them go and let them appease Han Shizhong. Once Han Shizhong sees how magnanimous you two generals are, won't he be grateful to you? Just like this, Han Shizhong's wife and children successfully escaped. Without any concerns, Han Shizhong and others联合起来发布了 a call to arms, calling on all the troops in the country to come to the emperor's rescue. When Miao Liu heard this, they were panicked, like ants on a hot pan. Zhu Shengfei came up with another idea at this time. They're讨伐 you because you abolished the emperor. If you reinstate赵构, won't that solve the problem? These two people stupidly listened to Zhu Shengfei's suggestion. They also knew that赵构 would definitely take revenge on them afterwards, so they forced赵构 to give each of them a免死金牌.赵构 said, fine, if you want the免死金牌, I'll give it to you. But there was a note on these two免死金牌saying that those who commit high treason are not protected. The two of them didn't understand what this meant and happily took the牌子, naively thinking that they were safe. As we all know, in the end, Han Shizhong and others entered the city, and the mutiny of Miao Liu failed. Miao Liu and the leading generals were all executed. The mutiny was平息, but赵构's terrified heart remained in a constant state of unease.
### 靖康之耻背景下的宋金局势分析
靖康之耻给宋朝带来了巨大伤痛，金人对宋人的残酷行径令人发指。汴梁城物价飞涨，一只死耗子都价值不菲，百姓生活在地狱般的环境。金兵撤退时，大量美女被掳，她们遭受了非人的折磨。宋徽宗和宋钦宗在金太祖庙前受尽屈辱，皇后也被要求裸露身体展示，这一系列事件严重冲击了宋朝的尊严。
南宋初期，赵构面临着复杂的局势。金兵多次南下，宋军因恐惧而缺乏信心和勇气，屡战屡败。韩世忠等少数将领虽有勇气，但因孤立无援而失败。赵构在战争中表现出犹豫和退缩，引发了民众的不满。
苗刘兵变更是给局势带来了动荡。王渊因受赵构宠信而遭人嫉妒，苗刘二人发动兵变，试图废帝。他们的行为导致朝堂混乱，但最终被韩世忠等人平定。
### 应对策略与建议
1. **增强信心**：宋军需克服对金人的恐惧，树立信心。将领应发挥带头作用，鼓舞士气，制定合理的战略战术。
2. **稳定朝堂**：统治者要避免宠信个别官员引发内部矛盾，加强对朝堂的管理和平衡，确保政治稳定。
3. **提升军事能力**：加强军队训练，提高士兵素质，改善装备，提升整体战斗力。
### 历史教训启示
靖康之耻和南宋初期的局势给我们留下了深刻教训。国家应保持强大的军事力量和民族自信；内部要团结稳定，避免因权力斗争而削弱自身实力。只有这样，才能在面对外部威胁时立于不败之地，维护国家的尊严和人民的利益。
靖康之耻,宋金关系,苗刘兵变,南宋历史,赵构
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